Phonological Changes In Urdu: A Linguistic Study

Abstract

This research paper explores the phenomenon of phonetic changes in the Urdu language through a linguistic lens. Phonetic shifts refer to alterations in sound production that occur over time, influenced by socio-cultural, geographical, and technological factors. In the context of Urdu, such changes are often the result of interaction with other languages, particularly Persian, Arabic, English, and regional languages of South Asia. The study investigates how urbanization, media influence, migration, and education systems have affected pronunciation patterns among native speakers. Through descriptive linguistic analysis, it highlights common phonetic variations in everyday speech, such as vowel reduction, consonant softening, and code-switching-induced sound shifts. The paper also examines generational differences, noting that younger speakers often display different articulation habits compared to older generations. Additionally, the influence of digital communication, such as texting and social media, is assessed as a driver of rapid phonetic evolution. While some changes reflect natural linguistic progression, others raise concerns about erosion of classical pronunciation norms. The paper emphasizes the need for a balanced linguistic approach that respects both innovation and tradition. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how Urdu phonetics is adapting to the pressures of modernity, while still retaining its distinct identity.